Safety 4.0 project

Guidelines on demonstrating safety of novel subsea technologies: Part IV – Developing a safety argument

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This document intends to give guidance about how to demonstrate the safety of complex systems.

The reader should get an understanding of why:

complex systems require a different approach compared to simple systems
quantitative reliability does not represent safety adequately in complex systems
different system models must be used in the analyses of complex systems
a systems approach is necessary to understand the behaviour of complex systems
objectivity is essential in handling any system artefact

The reader should get an understanding of what:

kind of assurance aspects are essential for creating confidence that the systems behave safely
kind of system aspects must be addressed to understand system behaviour, that is, according to the “CESM metamodel”
kind of capability any analysing method should possess when dealing with complex systems.
a safety argument is

The reader should get an understanding of how:

complex systems differ from simple systems
complexity arises in systems
analysis of the behaviour of complex systems at different levels of abstraction can be done to identify:
- safety requirements
- scenarios for how systems may become unsafe
to merge the above requirements with safety requirements originating from regulations
objectivity, knowledge, and arguments are related
evidence and reasoning can build knowledge to underpin the truthfulness of claims
grounds for justified confidence can be created to show that the:
- identified requirements are adequate
- requirements are fulfilled.

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